TWiN 43: Pavlovian opioid tolerance

TWiN discusses a study of on the pathways that control opioid analgesic tolerance, a root cause of opioid overdose and misuse, which can develop through an associative learning.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Timothy Cheung

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Download TWiN 043 (45 MB .mp3, 63 min)
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Music is by Ronald Jenkees

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TWiN 42: Therapeutic effects of psychedelic drugs

TWiN explains how psychedelic drugs such as LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA, which are being explored for treating a wide range of neuropsychiatric diseases, reopen the social reward period for critical learning.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Timothy Cheung

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Download TWiN 042 (34 MB .mp3, 57 min)
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Music is by Ronald Jenkees

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TWiN 41: Alzheimer’s and melanin-concentrating hormone

Vivianne explains how early in Alzheimer’s disease, the brain attempts to counteract the increased excitatory drive caused by amyloid deposition, and that melanin-concentrating hormone, produced during sleep, is involved in this protective response.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison

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Download TWiN 041 (39 MB .mp3, 64 min)
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Music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]

TWiN 40: Dopamine organizes behavior’s syllables

Tim takes TWiN through two studies on the role of dopamine: that syllables are natural units of spontaneous behavior used by the brain to structure action, and that mesolimbic dopamine release conveys causal associations but not reward prediction errors, thereby challenging the dominant theory of reward learning.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison

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Download TWiN 040 (39 MB .mp3, 64 min)
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Music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]

TWiN 39: Virus-like capsids trigger paraneoplastic disease

Junjie from Jason’s lab joins TWiN to discuss the observation that the cell gene PNMA2 encodes non-enveloped virus-like capsids that induce autoantibodies which underlie paraneoplastic syndrome.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Junjie Xu

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Download TWiN 039 (39 MB .mp3, 65 min)
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Music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]

TWiN 38: Bacterial immunity heals sensory neurons

TWiN explains the finding that immunity to commensal bacteria promotes sensory neuron regeneration via the cytokine interleukin-17A.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Ori Lieberman, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison

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Download TWiN 038 (39 MB .mp3, 65 min)
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Music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]

TWiN 37: Microglia at the crossroads

TWiN reviews the field of microgial research, which has advanced in recent decades but is constrained by nomenclature that is necessary but often implies specific functions.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison

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Download TWiN 036 (45 MB .mp3, 75 min)
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Music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]

TWiN 36: Unbearable neurologists

TWiN answers listener questions about Alzheimer’s disease, glaucoma and the microbiota, Dravet’s Syndrome, schizophrenia, brain development, and chips implanted in the human brain.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison

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Download TWiN 036 (35 MB .mp3, 58 min)
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Music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]

TWiN 35: Neuromodulation in treatment-resistant depression

Jason and Tim review the use of an implanted chronic deep brain sensing and stimulation device to carry out biomarker-driven closed-loop therapy that resulted in a rapid and sustained improvement in depression. 

Hosts: Jason Shepherd and Timothy Cheung

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Download TWiN 035 (35 MB .mp3, 58 min)
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  • Closed-loop neuromodulation for depression (Nat Med) 2:37, 32:15
  • Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks!

Music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]

TWiN 34: Microglia vital after spinal cord injury

TWiN explains how central nervous system resident macrophages known as microglia coordinate cellular interactions during spinal cord repair in mice.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison

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Download TWiN 034 (35 MB .mp3, 58 min)
Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email

Music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]

About the Hosts


Jason Shepherd, Ph.D.


Vivianne Morrison, Ph.D.


Tim Cheung, Ph.D.


Vincent Racaniello, Ph.D.


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Please note that content in MicrobeTV podcasts should not be construed as medical advice.